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Botanical Latin is fascinating. (Apparently I'm easily amused.) Without even seeing a picture of a plant you can tell so much about it if you master just a few words.
Latin is most helpful when it comes to species. For example, Lavendula angustifolia. The genus is Lavendula (lavender) and the species is angustifolia. Now if you know that angustifolia means notable or majestic, at least the person naming the plant had a pretty high opinion of that species of lavender. The species is usually not capitalized and it is written in italics.
Frequently Used Latin in the Herb World
Latin Meaning
officinalis Was originally used medicinally
basilicum Royal or princely
communis Common (not an inferior plant)
vulgaris Common, nothing wrong with being plentiful
Sometimes the Latin is used to describe the place the plant originated
Latin Meaning
japonica Japan
montana Not from Montana, but from the mountains
palustris From the marshes
chinensis China
canadensus From Canada or the Northeast Unites States
etruscus Tuscany
coreanus Korea
illinoinensis Yes, from Illinois
One part of the word leads to another
Latin Meaning
semperflorens ever blooming
sempervirens evergreen
Colors sound so much more exptic in Latin
Latin Meaning
sanquinea blood red
rubra red
purpurea purple
pictum painted
nigra black
maculata spotted
lutea yellow
aurea gold
aurantiaca orange
azurea blue
caerulea deep blue
griseum gray
Telling about the flowers (florus)
Latin Meaning
geminiflorus Flowers arranged in pairs
nudiflorus Nude at flowering, leaves come out after flowers
confertiflorus With crowded flowers
lateriflorus Flowering on the side. Ok, what's their day job?
Then there is talk of the leaves (folia)
Latin Meaning
rotundifolia Round leaves
parvifolia Small leaves
millefolium Thousand leaved
longifolia Long leaves
hererifolius Ivy shaped leaves
How the plant behaves
Latin Meaning
scandens climbing
repens creeping
nana dwarf
humilis low growing
Special Characteristics
Latin Meaning
punctata spotted
mollis soft
Don't forget, Latin can be easily be worked into general conversation
Latin Meaning
confuscus Easily mistaken for another species
pudicus Bashful
I could go on but I'll spare you. If you find this as intriguing as I do, check out the book Gardener's Latin or go to the library and peruse a Latin dictionary.
The next time you are at the library, rent David Attenboroughs video series, "The Private Life Of Plants".
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