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Growing your own plants from cuttings adds a new dimension to your
gardening life. It is so easy.
Start with a plant that you really care about, perhaps your
favorite Rosemary or Lavender. Realize that every cutting is not
going to root and that is OK. Even with ideal conditions 90% is superb.
Everything I'm about to tell you is only my way, there is no right way.
Ask five professional growers and we will all have our distinct
differences, so if you have been meeting with success and it is
180 degrees from what I'm suggesting, don't change. Also I'll put
in this disclaimer, I will write every and always but there are
exceptions. You can do this.
Always use a container that is new or has been sterilized with 1 part
bleach to nine parts water. The plastic propagation trays with the
clear domes, available even at hardware stores are worth the investment
and can be used again and again. You want a container only about 3
inches deep.
Always use soilless mixture, it is part peat moss, part vermiculite
or perlite. Or you can use builder's sand. Any combination of any of
the above will work. I sometimes use only vermiculite. What you are
looking for is a clean material that drains very well. Root rot is not
what you need.
Never use soil even bagged potting soil. It is too heavy and may carry
viruses or bacteria. Always wet you soilless mixture completely
before attempting to set your cuttings. I use lukewarm water. Keep the
mixture moist but never soggy.
Choosing your cutting
- Pick a plant that is healthy and vigorous. One that looks at
you and says "I love growing and I'm so fabulous there
should be more of me".
- Choose stems that are coming out of the sides of the plant
not in the middle. I used to know the reason why, but that bit
of knowledge is at present unretrievable. Side shoots root faster.
- You want a cutting no more than 3". Bigger is not better!
Strip the leaves off the bottom ½ to 2/3 of the cutting.
If you can do this with your fingers it is preferable to using a
scissors. You want enough leaves for the plant to be able to make
food but not too many so that it can't concentrate on growing roots.
If the plant is flowering (not an ideal time to propagate but it can
be done) cut off all the flowering buds. You don¹t want it's
energy directed there.
- Make the final cut it a node (an intersection where one
or more leaves jut out of the stem) because there is more growth
hormone at that site. If you can make the cut at an angle, more of the
stem will be exposed to start to root. I don't use extra growth
hormone powder, most growers don't. You have more chance of
killing the cutting with it. If there is already enough hormone in
site, adding more puts the plant into a tailspin.
- Firm the cutting into your growing medium (there should be no
leaves touching the medium) and put some clean plastic over the top
forming a mini-greenhouse. Making sure the plastic does not touch
any of the leaves. Move the cuttings on your dryer so they get a
jolt of bottom heat for the first week only. Don't leave them on the
dryer top otherwise. Put them there only when you are drying.
The rest of the time put the cuttings under your fluorescent
lights with the plastic off. The lights should be 3 inches away from
the top of the cutting and should be on at least 12 hours a day.
- Now you just wait, making sure the leaves that you left do not
dry out. Mist them if they are not in a humid environment. The
growing medium should be moist but never soggy, as the roots need
oxygen. When you see some new growth or when you tug on them and they
resist, they are ready to pot up.
You now have a new plant. Treat it like any small living thing.
Don't jar it with huge temperature changes or soil conditions.
The more varieties you do, the more intuitive this procedure will
become. You'll start looking at plants with an added dimension to
their personalities.
Some herbs that are normally propagated from cuttings: Rosemary,
Lavender, Thymes, Sages, Myrtles, Lemon Verbena, and Scented Geraniums
to name just a few. So when you are purchasing a plant, you could be
buying a cast of thousands.
Growing your own plants from seed is just plain fun. You can be
sure what has been used to nourish and protect your seedlings are
insect controls and fertilize that meet with your guidelines.
Let me suggest herbs that will reward you with easy success.
Camomile both the annual German and the perennial Roman, the
powerfully antiseptic Thyme and Garden Sage, Feverfew, another
herb providing cut flowers as well as headache fighting leaves,
can be grown in your sleep. Don't overlook Basil as it is effortless
from seed.
Everything I'm about to tell you is only my way, there is no
right way. Ask five professional growers and we will all have
our distinct differences, so if you have been meeting with success
and it is 180 degrees from what I'm suggesting, don't change. Also
may I put in this disclaimer, I will write every and always but there
are exceptions.
Always use a container that is new or has been sterilized
with 1 part bleach to nine parts water. The plastic propagation
trays with the clear domes, available even at hardware stores are
worth the investment and can be used again and again.
Always use soil less mixture. It is usually part peat moss,
part vermiculite or perlite.
Never use soil, too heavy for the seeds to battle and soil may
carry viruses and bacteria that love tender seedlings.
Always wet you soil less mixture completely before sewing your seeds.
I use lukewarm water. Keep the mixture moist but never soggy.
Seed Generalizations that will serve you well
If it is a small dust like seed (thyme, basil) do not cover,
make sure the seed is well pressed into the moist mixture, the seed
probably needs light to germinate.
If is a a larger seed, cover twice it's thickness in the soil
less mixture.
Always follow scarify or stratify instructions. As my age
increases and my mind gets cluttered with knowledge like where
I last put my glasses I find I can really use some tricks to
help me retain new information. If the seed packet says to
scarify. Make a scar in the seed by nicking the seed coat in
some way. Lightly rubbing the seeds in between sandpaper usually
accomplishes this. The reason behind scarification is to speed up
the lengthy process of letting the water past the seed coat.
Stratification can generally be accomplished by refrigerating
the seed for at least two weeks. This simulates the cold dormancy
period. The way to remember stratify is to think of all the glacier
strata in the Arctic. Oh well the analogy works for me.
After you have the seed sown give the container some
bottom heat. No fancy equipment needed, use the top of your
dryer. Two loads a day is sufficient. I find the alternating
warmth really pops the seeds.
Always look both morning or evening for the first signs
of germination. Promptly put them 3 inches below fluorescent
lights so they can begin making their own food. Do not bother to
buy grow lights, fresh fluorescent lights will do just fine. They
need 12 hours a day of this manufactured light. Let the very top
of the soil less mixture dry just a bit between watering. Too
much water and the oxygen won't get to the roots. Start to lightly
fertilize every week with a half strength fertilizer.
Enjoy watching their progress. When the first set of true
leaves appear (second set of leaves) transplant to small
approximately 2 inch pot burying the false leaves.
Always hold the plant by the leaves not touching the most
important part, the root when transplanting.
Why not plant up to a larger container now as it will
need transplanted in 2 more weeks again? You want the soil less
mixture to dry out just slightly between watering and too big of
a container holds too much water.
Why not use potting soil now? Too much of a shock adjusting
to a different media. The roots are what matters.
Enjoy your plants. The possibilities are endless. A baby Lavender
plant 1/2 inch tall already smells like its' name!
Herbs that lend themselves to Topiaries:
Rosemary
Myrtle (dwarf forms are best)
Santolina
Lavender (Green French Lavendula Denate)
Bay
Boxwood
Scented Geraniums (Pretty Polly, Shottesham Pet, Spanish Lavender)
Classic Ball Topiary
Select a plant that has a dominant single stem. Take a
good look at it, really take your time with this step. I realize
it might sound like a Zen exercise but it will make the process
clearer and much more pleasurable if you look at the plant and
picture how it wants to grow and how you want to train it. Hopefully
those two processes will be somewhat compatible. Otherwise you will
be constantly fighting the plant.
If the main stem is not growing terribly straight or it
isn't strong, put in a support stick. Use a non-organic
stick to loosely tie your plant's straight stem to. A plastic
chop stick works really well. Insert the stick into the ground
gently to avoid destroying roots.
Avoid using a wood stick to train your plant with. If the
plant is in a humid environment the wooden stick will start
growing friendly little green things.
Now that you have the plant's single stem staked, use your
fingers to strip a few inches of the foliage off. Fingers will be
thorough and more gentle than a scissors leaving a clean nick-free
stem. Half the length of the entire stem should now be bare.
Keep your beginning topiary happy. Make sure that it has
enough food, as the waiting process is tedious at first.
Keep turning the plant toward the sun so that all sides
have a chance to grow evenly. I would start more than one
topiary at a time. Three is a good number, as you will have
one that is really going to shine. You will also notice the
distinct personality despite their identical upbringing. How
can one child be so different from another when they are raised
in the same house?
Let the plant grow 6 inches higher than you want it to be.
Clip the tip at the desired finished height. Clip off the rest
of the side shoots on the bottom stem to where the bottom of the
ball is going to be. By now you might have to use a clipper for
this, as your fingers may not be up to the job. It still won't
look like a ball. When you are doing the trimming and you have some
good size pieces, use them for cuttings
(see Growing Herbs from Cuttings). Let the plant
grow again.
After it has grown for a while look at it again. You might
want to do this out of the view of non-gardeners. Place your
topiary-in-training someplace where you can look at it straight on.
Slowly turn it around so you can see in 3 dimensions how the stems
are developing. Cut back the side shoots farther than the finished
circle is going to be because you want the 2 stems that will come
out from the cut to fill it. After this first side cutting you are
well on your way. After the next growth you should have a
lovely ball.
Continue on with the trimming for the rest of its long
life. Maintaining topiaries is one of the joys of gardening.
is available to answer plant or gift questions.
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